94% tio2 rutile grade titanium dioxide supplier

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly applied to enhance the white colour and brightness of food products. TiO2 is also used as white pigment in other products such as toothpaste. A small fraction of the pigment is known to be present as nanoparticles (NPs). Recent studies with TiO2 NPs indicate that these particles can have toxic effects. In this paper, we aimed to estimate the oral intake of TiO2 and its NPs from food, food supplements and toothpaste in the Dutch population aged 2 to over 70 years by combining data on food consumption and supplement intake with concentrations of Ti and TiO2 NPs in food products and supplements. For children aged 2-6 years, additional intake via ingestion of toothpaste was estimated. The mean long-term intake to TiO2 ranges from 0.06 mg/kg bw/day in elderly (70+), 0.17 mg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 0.67 mg/kg bw/day in children (2-6 year old). The estimated mean intake of TiO2 NPs ranges from 0.19 μg/kg bw/day in elderly, 0.55 μg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 2.16 μg/kg bw/day in young children. Ninety-fifth percentile (P95) values are 0.74, 1.61 and 4.16 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. The products contributing most to the TiO2 intake are toothpaste (in young children only), candy, coffee creamer, fine bakery wares and sauces. In a separate publication, the results are used to evaluate whether the presence of TiO2 NPs in these products can pose a human health risk.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly applied to enhance the white colour and brightness of food products. TiO2 is also used as white pigment in other products such as toothpaste. A small fraction of the pigment is known to be present as nanoparticles (NPs). Recent studies with TiO2 NPs indicate that these particles can have toxic effects. In this paper, we aimed to estimate the oral intake of TiO2 and its NPs from food, food supplements and toothpaste in the Dutch population aged 2 to over 70 years by combining data on food consumption and supplement intake with concentrations of Ti and TiO2 NPs in food products and supplements. For children aged 2-6 years, additional intake via ingestion of toothpaste was estimated. The mean long-term intake to TiO2 ranges from 0.06 mg/kg bw/day in elderly (70+), 0.17 mg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 0.67 mg/kg bw/day in children (2-6 year old). The estimated mean intake of TiO2 NPs ranges from 0.19 μg/kg bw/day in elderly, 0.55 μg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 2.16 μg/kg bw/day in young children. Ninety-fifth percentile (P95) values are 0.74, 1.61 and 4.16 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. The products contributing most to the TiO2 intake are toothpaste (in young children only), candy, coffee creamer, fine bakery wares and sauces. In a separate publication, the results are used to evaluate whether the presence of TiO2 NPs in these products can pose a human health risk.

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  • Global FRP manhole covers market: load carrying capacity

  • Moreover, in recent years, bollards have gained attention for their role in urban security. With the increasing concern over vehicle-related terrorist attacks, many cities are installing reinforced or anti-ram bollards in high-traffic areas to create protective buffers. Such bollards are designed to withstand significant impact, effectively preventing unauthorized vehicles from harming pedestrians and structures.


  • Installation and Maintenance


  • Applications


  • The environmental implications of utilizing transit bike racks are profound. As more individuals opt for hybrid commuting—biking to transit stations before boarding buses or trains—there is a noticeable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. According to various studies, bicycles produce significantly fewer emissions compared to cars. By making biking a viable option for reaching public transport hubs, cities can substantially lower their overall carbon footprint.


  • 3. Aesthetic Value In addition to their functional role, drainage covers can also enhance the aesthetic appeal of an area. Custom-designed covers can blend seamlessly with the surrounding architecture or landscape, showcasing creative designs and improving the overall look of public spaces.


    drainage covers and frames

    drainage
  • Installation and Maintenance


  • 4. Maintenance Finally, regular monitoring and maintenance of the gully and drainage systems are necessary for long-term success. This includes inspecting structures for damage, managing vegetation growth, and making modifications as needed. Proactive maintenance can greatly extend the lifespan of the implemented solutions and enhance their effectiveness over time.


  • Retractable belt queue bollards are sturdy posts equipped with a retractable belt system. The belt can be pulled out to create a barrier, guiding pedestrians and managing queues efficiently. Once the need for the barrier has dissipated, the belt can be retracted and stored neatly within the bollard itself. This feature makes them not only practical but also aesthetically pleasing, as they can be discreetly hidden when not in use.


  • Further information: Ketan Kadam § Invention
  • 2. Space Efficiency Many commercial bike racks are designed to maximize space. With options like vertical racks, wall-mounted systems, and inverted U-shaped designs, these racks can fit into limited urban spaces while accommodating a high volume of bicycles.


  • Unlike other forms of barrier systems that may require extensive construction or regular maintenance, parking bollards are generally easy to install and maintain. They can be placed without the need for extensive groundwork and, once installed, require minimal upkeep. This advantage is particularly appealing to busy homeowners who seek a straightforward solution to enhance their property’s security.


  • When purchasing commercial bike racks, several factors should be taken into account


  • Safe Transport


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